美国记者西摩·赫什：美国是怎样炸毁北溪天然气管道的？【英文版】
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3.0 ㅤ一切随缘 2023-05-24 6 0 886KB 19 页 10数查币
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How America Took Out The Nord Stream Pipeline
The New York Times called it a “mystery,” but the United States executed a covert
sea operation that was kept secret—until now
Seymour Hersh
Feb 8
The U.S. Navy’s Diving and Salvage Center can be found in a
location as obscure as its name—down what was once a country lane
in rural Panama City, a now-booming resort city in the southwestern
panhandle of Florida, 70 miles south of the Alabama border. The
center’s complex is as nondescript as its location—a drab concrete
post-World War II structure that has the look of a vocational high
school on the west side of Chicago. A coin-operated laundromat and
a dance school are across what is now a four-lane road.
The center has been training highly skilled deep-water divers for
decades who, once assigned to American military units worldwide,
are capable of technical diving to do the good—using C4 explosives
to clear harbors and beaches of debris and unexploded ordinance—as
well as the bad, like blowing up foreign oil rigs, fouling intake
valves for undersea power plants, destroying locks on crucial
shipping canals. The Panama City center, which boasts the second
9,769
largest indoor pool in America, was the perfect place to recruit
the best, and most taciturn, graduates of the diving school who
successfully did last summer what they had been authorized to do
260 feet under the surface of the Baltic Sea.
Last June, the Navy divers, operating under the cover of a widely
publicized mid-summer NATO exercise known as BALTOPS 22, planted
the remotely triggered explosives that, three months later,
destroyed three of the four Nord Stream pipelines, according to a
source with direct knowledge of the operational planning.
Two of the pipelines, which were known collectively as Nord Stream
1, had been providing Germany and much of Western Europe with cheap
Russian natural gas for more than a decade. A second pair of
pipelines, called Nord Stream 2, had been built but were not yet
operational. Now, with Russian troops massing on the Ukrainian
border and the bloodiest war in Europe since 1945 looming,
President Joseph Biden saw the pipelines as a vehicle for Vladimir
Putin to weaponize natural gas for his political and territorial
ambitions.
Asked for comment, Adrienne Watson, a White House spokesperson,
said in an email, “This is false and complete fiction.” Tammy
Thorp, a spokesperson for the Central Intelligence Agency,
similarly wrote: “This claim is completely and utterly false.”
Biden’s decision to sabotage the pipelines came after more than
nine months of highly secret back and forth debate inside
Washington’s national security community about how to best achieve
that goal. For much of that time, the issue was not whether to do
the mission, but how to get it done with no overt clue as to who
was responsible.
There was a vital bureaucratic reason for relying on the graduates
of the center’s hardcore diving school in Panama City. The divers
were Navy only, and not members of America’s Special Operations
Command, whose covert operations must be reported to Congress and
briefed in advance to the Senate and House leadership—the so-
called Gang of Eight. The Biden Administration was doing everything
possible to avoid leaks as the planning took place late in 2021 and
into the first months of 2022.
President Biden and his foreign policy team—National Security
Adviser Jake Sullivan, Secretary of State Tony Blinken, and
Victoria Nuland, the Undersecretary of State for Policy—had been
vocal and consistent in their hostility to the two pipelines, which
ran side by side for 750 miles under the Baltic Sea from two
different ports in northeastern Russia near the Estonian border,
passing close to the Danish island of Bornholm before ending in
northern Germany.
The direct route, which bypassed any need to transit Ukraine, had
been a boon for the German economy, which enjoyed an abundance of
cheap Russian natural gas—enough to run its factories and heat its
homes while enabling German distributors to sell excess gas, at a
profit, throughout Western Europe. Action that could be traced to
the administration would violate US promises to minimize direct
conflict with Russia. Secrecy was essential.
From its earliest days, Nord Stream 1 was seen by Washington and
its anti-Russian NATO partners as a threat to western dominance.
The holding company behind it, Nord Stream AG, was incorporated in
Switzerland in 2005 in partnership with Gazprom, a publicly traded
Russian company producing enormous profits for shareholders which
is dominated by oligarchs known to be in the thrall of Putin.
Gazprom controlled 51 percent of the company, with four European
energy firms—one in France, one in the Netherlands and two in
Germany—sharing the remaining 49 percent of stock, and having the
right to control downstream sales of the inexpensive natural gas to
local distributors in Germany and Western Europe. Gazprom’s
profits were shared with the Russian government, and state gas and
oil revenues were estimated in some years to amount to as much as
45 percent of Russia’s annual budget.
America’s political fears were real: Putin would now have an
additional and much-needed major source of income, and Germany and
the rest of Western Europe would become addicted to low-cost
摘要：

HowAmericaTookOutTheNordStreamPipelineTheNewYorkTimescalledita“mystery,”buttheUnitedStatesexecutedacovertseaoperationthatwaskeptsecret—untilnowSeymourHershFeb8TheU.S.Navy’sDivingandSalvageCentercanbefoundinalocationasobscureasitsname—downwhatwasonceacountrylaneinruralPanamaCity,anow-boomingresortcit...

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美国记者西摩·赫什：美国是怎样炸毁北溪天然气管道的？【英文版】.pdf

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作者：ㅤ一切随缘 分类：传统行业 价格：10数查币 属性：19 页 大小：886KB 格式：pdf 时间：2023-05-24

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